{"id":1689,"date":"2019-12-09T11:08:22","date_gmt":"2019-12-09T14:08:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/blog\/?p=1689"},"modified":"2019-12-10T17:31:42","modified_gmt":"2019-12-10T20:31:42","slug":"conheca-entenda-o-plural-de-substantivos-em-ingles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/blog\/conheca-entenda-o-plural-de-substantivos-em-ingles\/","title":{"rendered":"Conhe\u00e7a e Entenda o Plural de Substantivos em Ingl\u00eas &#8211; Parte I"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Com certeza os que j\u00e1 tiveram algum contato com a l\u00edngua inglesa, ao formar certos tipos de palavras no plural, n\u00e3o se atentaram para a irregularidade de algumas delas. Como na can\u00e7\u00e3o da canadense Alanis Morrissete &#8211; <strong>Head Over Feet<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong> A\u00a0tradu\u00e7\u00e3o literal seria &#8220;cabe\u00e7a sobre os p\u00e9s&#8221;, mas o sentido da express\u00e3o \u00e9 &#8220;completamente apaixonado(a)&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cQJ4_QgLwLc\" width=\"840\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Por\u00e9m antes de entrar nas irregularidades do plural veremos os plurais regulares:<\/p>\n<p>A maioria dos substantivos formam seus plurais simplesmente adicionando o S no final na palavra (por exemplo, <strong>cat = cats, book = books, trip = trips<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p>Alguns mudam suas termina\u00e7\u00f5es, no entanto. Os principais tipos de substantivo que fazem isso s\u00e3o:<\/p>\n<p>Os substantivos terminados em &#8211; <strong>Y<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Se o substantivo termina com uma consoante + <strong>Y<\/strong>, forma-se o plural mudando <strong>Y<\/strong> para <strong>S<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 100px;\" width=\"251\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">berry<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0berries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">activity<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0activities<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Se o substantivo termina com <strong>CH, S, SH, X, ou Z<\/strong>, adiciona-se <strong>ES<\/strong> para formar o plural:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 100px;\" width=\"250\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">church<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">churches<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">bus<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">buses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e1 uma exce\u00e7\u00e3o a esta regra. Se o CH final \u00e9 pronunciado com som um <strong>&#8216;K&#8217;<\/strong>, voc\u00ea adiciona <strong>S<\/strong> ao inv\u00e9s de <strong>ES<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 65px;\" width=\"250\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">stomach<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">stomachs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Os substantivos terminados em <strong>F<\/strong> ou em <strong>FE<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Com substantivos que terminam em uma consoante ou uma \u00fanica <strong>vogal<\/strong> + <strong>F<\/strong> ou <strong>FE<\/strong>, altere para <strong>VES<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 85px;\" width=\"249\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">knife<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">knives<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">half<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">halves<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Substantivos que terminam em duas vogais + <strong>F<\/strong> normalmente formam plurais na forma normal, com apenas um S<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 65px;\" width=\"250\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">chief<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">chiefs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Os substantivos terminados em <strong>O<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Os substantivos terminados em O, pode adicionar ou S ou ES no plural, e alguns podem ser escrito de qualquer maneira.<\/p>\n<p>Como regra geral, a maioria dos substantivos terminados em O adiciona-se S para fazer o plural:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 92px;\" width=\"250\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">solo<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">solos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">zero<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">zeros<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Aqueles que t\u00eam uma vogal antes do<strong> O<\/strong> ao final, basta adicionar &#8211; <strong>S<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 89px;\" width=\"250\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">studio<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">studios<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">zoo<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">zoos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Aqui est\u00e1 uma lista dos substantivos mais comuns que terminam em <strong>O<\/strong> e que sempre s\u00e3o grafadas com <strong>ES<\/strong> no plural:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 297px;\" width=\"250\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">buffalo<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">buffaloes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">domino<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">dominoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">echo<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">echoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">embargo<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">embargoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">hero<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">heroes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">mosquito<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">mosquitoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">potato<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">potatoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">tomato<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">tomatoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">torpedo<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">torpedoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Aqui est\u00e3o alguns dos substantivos comuns que terminam em O e que pode ser escrito com S ou ES no plural:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 340px;\" width=\"450\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">banjo<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">banjos ou\u00a0banjoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">cargo<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">cargos ou\u00a0cargoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">flamingo<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">flamingos\u00a0ou\u00a0flamingoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">fresco<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">frescos\u00a0ou\u00a0frescoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">ghetto<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">ghettos\u00a0ou\u00a0ghettoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">halo<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">halos\u00a0ou\u00a0haloes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">mango<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">mangos\u00a0ou\u00a0mangoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">memento<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">mementos\u00a0ou\u00a0mementoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">motto<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">mottos\u00a0ou\u00a0mottoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">tornado<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">tornados\u00a0ou\u00a0tornadoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">tuxedo<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">tuxedos\u00a0ou\u00a0tuxedoes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Plural de substantivos estrangeiros<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>O plural das palavras que foram para o Ingl\u00eas a partir de uma l\u00edngua estrangeira, como latim ou grego, muitas vezes t\u00eam duas grafias poss\u00edveis: a ortografia plural estrangeira e uma em Ingl\u00eas.<\/p>\n<p>Por exemplo, voc\u00ea pode soletrar o plural de\u00a0<em style=\"font-weight: bold;\">aquarium<\/em>\u00a0(do latim) como tamb\u00e9m <em style=\"font-weight: bold;\">aquaria<\/em>\u00a0(plural em latim) ou\u00a0<em style=\"font-weight: bold;\">aquariums em ingl\u00eas<\/em><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Palavras de origem latina<\/h3>\n<p>Aqui est\u00e1 uma lista de algumas palavras que entraram em ingl\u00eas do latim que pode formar seus plurais de duas maneiras:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 346px;\" width=\"425\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>palavra<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>plural latim<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>plural ingl\u00eas<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">antenna<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">antennae<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">antennas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">appendix<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">appendices<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">appendixes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">cactus<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">cacti<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">cactuses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">curriculum<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">curricula<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">curriculums<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">formula<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">formulae<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">formulas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">index<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">indices<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">indexes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">millennium<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">millennia<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">millenniums<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">referendum<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">referenda<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">referendums<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">stadium<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">stadia<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">stadiums<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">terminus<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">termini<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">terminuses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">thesaurus<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">thesauri<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">thesauruses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Note que existem alguns nomes que foram para o Ingl\u00eas do latim, e que devem sempre formar seu plural da forma latina. A maioria destes s\u00e3o termos cient\u00edficos ou t\u00e9cnicos. Os mais comuns s\u00e3o:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 81px;\" width=\"250\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>alga<\/td>\n<td>algae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>alumnus<\/td>\n<td>alumni<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Palavras de origem grega<\/h3>\n<p>Substantivos que terminam em <strong>IS<\/strong> geralmente v\u00eam do grego. Seus plurais s\u00e3o feitos alterando o <strong>IS<\/strong> para <strong>ES<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 91px;\" width=\"250\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">crisis<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">crises<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">analysis<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">analyses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Palavras de origem francesa<\/h3>\n<p>Certas palavras que foram para o ingl\u00eas do franc\u00eas e tem duas poss\u00edveis formas de plural: o plural original franc\u00eas e um em ingl\u00eas. Estas palavras terminam nas letras <strong>-eau<\/strong>, por exemplo:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 115px;\" width=\"450\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Palavra<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0Plural em franc\u00eas<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Plural em ingl\u00eas<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">bureau<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">bureaux<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">bureaus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">chateau<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">chateaux<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">chateaus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">gateau<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">gateaux<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">gateaus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Palavras de origem italiana<\/h3>\n<p>A maioria das palavras que foram para o Ingl\u00eas, formam seus plurais com um S, como se fossem palavras em ingl\u00eas. Por exemplo, o plural italiano de cappuccino \u00e9 Capuchinhos, mas quando a palavra \u00e9 usada em Ingl\u00eas, a sua forma plural \u00e9 cappuccinos. Aqui est\u00e3o mais alguns exemplos:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 119px;\" width=\"450\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Palavra<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Plural em italiano<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Plural em ingl\u00eas<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">espresso<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">espressi<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">espressos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">pizza<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">pizze<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">pizzas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">risotto<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">risotti<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">risottos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Gostou das dicas? Por que n\u00e3o desenferrujar seu ingl\u00eas ou come\u00e7ar do zero conosco? Fa\u00e7a seu <a href=\"http:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/testes-idioma\/ingles-teste-nivel.php\">teste de n\u00edvel<\/a> e entre em <a href=\"http:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/contato.php\">contato<\/a> conosco!!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Com certeza os que j\u00e1 tiveram algum contato com a l\u00edngua inglesa, ao formar certos tipos de&#8230;","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3811,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,30],"tags":[473,179,64,106,66,844,759],"class_list":["post-1689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gramatica","category-ingles","tag-frances","tag-gramatica-2","tag-ingles-2","tag-italiano-2","tag-latim","tag-plural","tag-regras"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1689"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1689"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1689\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3812,"href":"https:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1689\/revisions\/3812"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1689"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1689"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.languagetrainersbrasil.com.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1689"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}